Lean six sigma in Industry 4.0: framework, enablers, challenges and opportunities

Purpose This study aims to explore the current landscape of Lean Six Sigma 4.0 (LSS 4.0), focusing on its trends, spread, enablers, barriers and toolsets. Furthermore, it aims to develop a robust implementation framework for LSS in the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) era, with the overarching goal of achieving excellence in all operational aspects. Design/methodology/approach Using bibliometric analysis and a systematic review, this research investigates the current state-of-the-art, identifies key enablers and barriers, assesses available toolsets and examines the dissemination of knowledge in this domain. Furthermore, an implementation framework was developed based on literature review and experts’ opinion to provide a holistic approach applicable to all business settings in the era of I4.0 and Industry 5.0, with the ultimate aim of excelling to contribute to a more sustainable business environment. Findings This study identified the most productive sources of research on LSS 4.0, including publications, authors, countries and affiliations. It explored the key enablers, barriers and toolsets associated with LSS 4.0 from the perspective of people, processes and technology. The study examined its spread in large enterprises and micro, small and medium enterprises in both advanced and emerging countries. Finally, based on opinion and validation of the experts, in this research the authors have developed an implementation framework for integrating LSS with I4.0 to achieve excellence across all aspects. Originality/value This study represents a pioneering effort in the development of an implementation framework for LSS in I4.0 context. It serves as a roadmap for addressing issues related to LSS implementation in this era, making it highly valuable for researchers, practitioners and policymakers. It can aid in decision-making, policy revision and the formulation of new policies to achieve excellence in all aspects. Furthermore, upcoming researchers and practitioners will be able to find significant opportunities to work in the field of LSS 4.0 in the coming years.