Optimization design and analysis of the active morphing Kresling core

Abstract Origami structures achieve high directional stiffness while preserving foldability, offering significant potential for smart morphing structures. This study proposes an active morphing Kresling core, which consists of a Kresling tube integrated with a two-way shape memory alloy (SMA) spring. The structure deforms upon heating and recovers upon cooling. A parametric modelling framework is established to define the geometric characteristics of the Kresling tube, and the material properties of both the tube and SMA are characterized. Based on an analytical model, parameter sensitivity is evaluated, and the optimal configuration is identified using a multi-island genetic algorithm. The generated dataset is used to construct a radial basis function neural network model. Experiments and simulations consistently demonstrate the deformation behavior of the assembled active morphing Kresling core. Furthermore, a honeycomb-inspired array concept is discussed to illustrate a possible extension of the proposed core toward multimodal morphing structures. The results show that the active Kresling core can achieve reversible shape change and programmable curvature, indicating its potential as a reconfigurable cellular element for active morphing structures.