Próba kliniczna EMPA-REG OUTCOME z zastosowaniem empagliflozyny — nowa era w terapii cukrzycy typu 2

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite enormous advances in the prevention and treatment of CVD, the impact of T2DM on CVD outcome remains high. It is well known that the risk of macrovascular diabetic complications increases with the severity of hyperglycemia. However, many effective glucose-lowering agents have been tested for their safety and efficacy in T2DM with CVD unfortunately most of these studies failed to show a significant benefit in terms of CV morbidity and mortality, despite intensive glycemic control. The trial Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Removing Excess Glucose EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial with empagliflozin was the first to demonstrate significant cardioprotective benefits in this population. The results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial showed that the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin was associated with a pronounced 38% reduction in cardiovascular mortality in subjects with T2DM and established cardiovascular dis­ease. These benefits were more related to a reduction in incident heart failure (HF) events rather than to ischaemic vascular endpoints. Several mechanisms have been put forward to explain these benefits, which also raise the possibility of using these drugs as therapies not only in the prevention of HF, but also for the treatment of patients with established HF regardless of the presence or absence of diabetetype 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, empagliflozin, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors