Design of Composite N-Doped Carbon Nanofiber/TiO2/Diatomite Separator for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) exhibit high theoretical specific capacities, abundant resource reserves, and low costs, making them promising candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, significant challenges, such as the shuttle effect and volume expansion, hinder their practical applications. To address these issues, this study introduces a unique intermediate layer comprising N-doped carbon nanofiber/TiO