Synthesis and Application of LTA Zeolite for the Removal of Inorganic and Organic Hazardous Substances from Water: A Review

Industrialization and human activities have caused significant environmental challenges, with water pollution posing severe risks to human health. This underscores the urgent need for effective water treatment solutions. Zeolites, known for their high specific surface area and stability, have gained increasing attention as adsorbents for water treatment. Among zeolites, LTA varieties stand out due to their low Si/Al ratio, which enhances ion-exchange capacity, and their cost-effectiveness. This review focuses on the synthesis of low-silica LTA zeolites, particularly zeolite A, using natural materials and solid wastes without relying on organic-structure-directing agents (OSDAs). Common pretreatment processes for such synthesis are also highlighted. The review further explores the applications of LTA zeolites in water treatment, emphasizing their exceptional performance in adsorbing inorganic and organic pollutants. In particular, LTA zeolites are highly effective at removing inorganic cation pollutants through ion exchange. An updated ion-exchange selectivity order, based on previous studies, is provided to support these findings. Overall, this review aims to guide future research and development in water treatment technologies.