Recent advances of CuS-based nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties, and multifaceted applications in energy, environment, and biomedical domains

• Synthesis techniques for CuS nanoparticles are overviewed, covering traditional, innovative, and environmentally conscious methods. • The article discusses the structural, opto-electronic, and thermo-electronic characteristics of CuS nanomaterials . • Recent advances in CuS nanoparticles in energy, environment, and biological applications are reviewed. • CuS nanomaterials demonstrate high efficiency as a catalyst for water splitting, energy generation, and diverse biomedical applications. • Future challenges and prospects of CuS nanomaterials are summarized. Copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles and nanocomposites are increasingly recognized for their remarkable properties, positioning them as promising materials across environmental, energy, and biomedical applications. This review thoroughly examines CuS nanomaterials, covering a spectrum of synthesis techniques from conventional methods to innovative and eco-friendly green synthesis approaches. Detailed discussions on the structural, optoelectronic, and thermo-electronic properties of CuS nanostructures reveal how various reaction conditions influence nanoparticle characteristics, while comprehensive analyses provide insights into their physicochemical behavior. Notably, the article emphasizes the utility of CuS nanoparticles and nanocomposites in environmental remediation, showcasing their roles in sensing, adsorption, and photodegradation of hazardous contaminants. In energy applications, CuS-based nanocomposites are highlighted for their potential in devices such as water splitting, demonstrating their capacity in energy production. Biomedical applications of CuS are also explored, broadening the material's appeal. The review inspires chemists to advance robust nanoparticle designs tailored to meet critical environmental challenges by underscoring the evolution of copper sulfide-based nanocomposites. The conclusion presents future directions, highlighting the potential for ongoing CuS synthesis and application innovations, which will likely drive significant progress in these fields. Diverse applications of copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles.