Damp-heat stable and efficient perovskite solar cells and mini-modules with tBP-free hole-transporting layer

In spiro-OMeTAD-based hole-transporting layer (HTL) protocols, 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) constitutes an indispensable component; however, its inclusion engenders substantial detrimental ramifications, precluding realizing thermal stability. Here, a tBP-free spiro-OMeTAD approach was successfully...