Synthesis and Biological Activity of Benzoselenazole and Benzo[b]Selenophene Analogues: A Review

ABSTRACT Selenium, an essential micronutrient in the human body, not only exhibits potent antioxidant properties but also plays a critical role in regulating thyroid hormone metabolism, maintaining normal immune function, and inhibiting tumour progression. Among selenium‐containing compounds, ebselen is the most extensively studied drug candidate. Research has shown that various derivatives obtained through structural modifications of Ebselen exhibits significant biological activities; however, these compounds have yet to progress to clinical trials. Consequently, selenium‐containing heterocyclic compounds represent a promising avenue for drug discovery and development. This review summarizes three synthetic approaches for constructing selenium‐containing heterocyclic compounds and emphasizes their notable biological activities and potential applications in pharmaceuticals.