Nano-hydroxyapatite for Dental Caries Prevention and Enamel Remineralization: A Review of Current Evidence

Review ARticleresin.Glass ionomer is another filler material used by dentists.Like composite fillings, glass ionomers are glass fillers that can be blended with the patient's natural teeth.Glass ionomers may have the advantage of releasing fluoride, which can reduce the likelihood of a new cavity developing. 7 IntroductIonWith dental caries being the most common disease of all, the dental profession has worked to improve its prevention and treatment. 1he main bacteria that cause enamel degradation in dental caries, a chronic infectious condition, are Streptococcus mutans.When Streptococcus mutans adheres to the tooth surface, it breaks down carbohydrates and produces acid. 2,3The tooth experiences demineralization, or net mineral loss, as a result of the acid. 1 The three layers of our teeth are pulp, dentin, and enamel. Current Treatments for CariesFluoride is frequently added to toothpaste as a prophylactic measure to stop dental cavities.When bacteria create acids, demineralization can be inhibited by fluoride. 4Fluoride will flow with the acid as it enters the subsurface and be absorbed into the surfaces of the apatite crystals, preventing the apatite crystals from dissolving. 5 The tooth is shielded from the breakdown of tooth minerals by this mechanism.Fluoride can also improve remineralization.Calcium and phosphate are supersaturated in our saliva.Fluoride draws calcium and phosphate ions from our saliva when it starts to absorb into the apatite crystal.The fluoride-infused new surface will be more resistant to acid. 5omposite resin fillings are an additional alternative for preventive therapy.Patients with decay will require a dentist to remove it.The tooth is filled with a substance to prevent infection or decay after the dentist removes the enamel and dentin infection.Composite resin is frequently used as a dental filling material. 6lass filler powder and plastic are combined to create composite 1,