Green Analytical Techniques for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

In the context of increasing environmental and health concerns, the adoption of green analytical techniques for pesticide residue analysis in food has become crucial. The green analytical techniques aim at reduced use of hazardous chemicals, minimal waste, and lower energy consumption without compromising on analytical performance. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in green analytical techniques for detecting pesticide and insecticide residues in food matrices. Techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and various liquid–liquid microextraction methods are highlighted for their efficiency, reduced solvent use, and lower environmental impact. The performance characteristics of these methods, including sensitivity, accuracy, and overall green index, are discussed. Emphasis is placed on their application in real-world scenarios, demonstrating their potential to improve both the sustainability and reliability of food safety testing. By adopting these green analytical techniques, the food industry can better address regulatory requirements and environmental sustainability goals, ensuring safer food products with a minimized ecological footprint.