免疫系统
生物
外周血单个核细胞
病毒学
免疫学
转录组
免疫
细胞
T细胞
基因
基因表达
遗传学
体外
作者
Shuai He,Shu‐Qiang Liu,Xiangyun Teng,Jinyong He,Liu Yang,Jiahui Gao,Yue Wu,Wei Hu,Zhongjun Dong,Jin‐Xin Bei,Jianhua Xu
摘要
Uncovering the immune response to an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (In-Vac) and natural infection is crucial for comprehending COVID-19 immunology. Here we conducted an integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from serial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples derived from 12 individuals receiving In-Vac compared with those from COVID-19 patients. Our study reveals that In-Vac induces subtle immunological changes in PBMC, including cell proportions and transcriptomes, compared with profound changes for natural infection. In-Vac modestly upregulates IFN-α but downregulates NF-κB pathways, while natural infection triggers hyperactive IFN-α and NF-κB pathways. Both In-Vac and natural infection alter T/B cell receptor repertoires, but COVID-19 has more significant change in preferential VJ gene, indicating a vigorous immune response. Our study reveals distinct patterns of cellular communications, including a selective activation of IL-15RA/IL-15 receptor pathway after In-Vac boost, suggesting its potential role in enhancing In-Vac-induced immunity. Collectively, our study illuminates multifaceted immune responses to In-Vac and natural infection, providing insights for optimizing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy.
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