Effect of experimental toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and propolis, with and without fluoride, on the microcosm biofilm and enamel demineralization

AbstractAbstractThis study evaluated the antimicrobial and anticaries effects of toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nanoHAP − 5 or 10%), xylitol (2 or 3%) and propolis (1 or 2%), associated or not with 1500 ppm fluoride (F). An in vitro model was used with microcosm biofilm produced from a pool of human saliva and McBain saliva (1:50) in the first 8 h of culture on 162 bovine enamel specimens. At the end of the experimental period, analyses of metabolic activity, colony forming units (CFU) and transverse microradiography (TMR) were performed. This study showed a possible decrease in demineralization and increase in remineralization by the commercial toothpaste (1500 ppm F) and for the experimental toothpaste containing the highest concentration of all agents, combined with F. In addition, a reduction in antimicrobial activity possibly caused by propolis and xylitol, mainly in relation to cariogenic bacteria, was observed.Keywords: Bioactivesmicrocosm biofilmdental cariespropolishydroxyapatite Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Credit authorsRibeiro CFS, Dionizio A and Buzalaf MAR conceived the experiments. Ribeiro CFS, Dionizio A, Magalhães AC and Buzalaf MAR contributed to funding acquisition and methodology. Ribeiro CFS, Araujo TT, Dionizio A, Rodrigues CMVBF, Mattos AC, Otaviano LG and Grizzo LT conducted the experiments. Ribeiro CFS and Dionizio A tabulated the data. Ribeiro CFS, Araujo TT, Dionizio A, Magalhães AC and Buzalaf MAR analyzed and interpreted the results. Dionizio A, Ribeiro CFS and Buzalaf MAR drafted the article. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.Ethical approvalCEEA: 26152719.1.0000.5417Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2019/03866-5).