Microneedle delivery platform integrated with Staphylococcus epidermidis-derived extracellular vesicles-based nanoantibiotics for efficient bacterial infection atopic dermatitis treatment

T-cell accumulation in the skin in an unrelated inflammation manner, which may represent heterologous protection. This EVs-integrated MN assisted Lev@SE-EVs to alleviate skin inflammation, repair skin, and provide an effective and safe therapeutic approach for bacterial infection AD treatment.