The critical role of iron homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health. These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function, although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood. Iron is an essential trace element in the human body, playing a crucial role in various biological processes. The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body’s intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function. Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress, which, in turn, can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases, aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.