The drug release of PLGA-based nanoparticles and their application in treatment of gastrointestinal cancers

The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nanoparticles have been applied for drug delivery due to their simple preparation, biodegradability, and ideal biocompatibility. In this study, the factors affecting the degradation of PLGA-based nanoparticles are reviewed, encompassing the ratio of PLA to PGA, relative molecular weight, crystallinity, and preparation process of PLGA nanoparticles. The drug release behavior of PLGA-based nanoparticles, such as the degradation environment, encapsulated drug properties of polymers, and drug loading rates, are also discussed. Since gastrointestinal cancer is one of the major global threats to human health, this paper comprehensively summarizes the application of PLGA nanoparticles in gastrointestinal cancers from diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and novel tumor treatment methods (immunotherapy, gene therapy, and photothermal therapy). Finally, the future application of PLGA-based drug delivery systems in treating gastrointestinal cancers is discussed. The bottleneck of application status and the prospect of PLGA-nanoparticles in gastrointestinal tumor application are presented. To truly realize the great and wide application of PLGA-based nanoparticles, collaborative progress in the field of nanomaterials and life sciences is needed.