Glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor agonists in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic promise, challenges, and future directions

Pre‑clinical and early clinical signals support GLP‑1RAs as promising candidates for neuroprotection in MS, yet definitive evidence of disease‑modifying efficacy is lacking. Practical barriers, such as drug availability and cost, together with unresolved mechanistic questions underscore the need for biomarker‑rich mechanistic trials. Rigorous prospective studies are essential to establish whether GLP‑1RAs can meaningfully alter the trajectory of MS.