The Ischemic Penumbra 50 Years: A Personal Vignette

Fifty years ago, in September 1975, the ischemic penumbra was discovered in a series of 4 pioneering experiments carried out in Lindsay Symons laboratory in London. This personal vignette gives an eyewitness description of the circumstances leading to these experiments, of the persons involved and our discussions, as well as, Lindsay Symons first saying of the word “penumbra.”