GATT/WTOと環境保護に基づく貿易措置 : PPM（生産工程方法）に基づく貿易措置のGATT適合性を中心に

The measures based on Processes and Production Methods（PPMs）themselves are playing important role in international society for preserving the environment. However there are controversies about whether they can be compatible with the rules of GATT/WTO. So far in the cases of GATT/WTO the findings of Panel and Appellate Body have not allowed their compatibility with GATT/WTO rules, especially GATT article 3. We can seek the one of problems for the fact that the explicit words of GATT/WTO rules only deal with trade measures related to product standards and do not allow trade measures based on PPM standards. Furthermore in the WTO Committee on Trade and Environment not small number of countries has expressed negative opinions for the applicability of PPM measures to GATT/WTO rules, because the measures tend to have unilateral characteristic. However, is it appropriate to treat all measures based on PPMs a like? How about the case that measures based on PPMs aim to protect endangered species? Through the latest cases in WTO, this paper aims to make clear the boarder line of how WTO Panels and Appellate Bodies deal with the measures on PPMs.