This chapter contains sections titled: Definition of Structural Health Monitoring Motivation for Structural Health Monitoring Structural Health Monitoring as a way of making materials and structures smart SHM and biomimetics Process and pre-usage monitoring as a part of SHM SHM as a part of system management Passive and active SHM NDE, SHM and NDECS Variety and multidisciplinarity: the most remarkable characters of SHM Birth of the Structural Health Monitoring Community Conclusion References