Insights from chemical systems into Turing-type morphogenesis

In 1952, Alan Turing proposed a theory showing how morphogenesis could occur from a simple two morphogen reaction–diffusion system [Turing, A. M. (1952) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 237 , 37–72. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012)]. While the model is simple, it has found diverse applications in fields such as biology, ecology, behavioural science, mathematics and chemistry. Chemistry in particular has made significant contributions to the study of Turing-type morphogenesis, providing multiple reproducible experimental methods to both predict and study new behaviours and dynamics generated in reaction–diffusion systems. In this review, we highlight the historical role chemistry has played in the study of the Turing mechanism, summarize the numerous insights chemical systems have yielded into both the dynamics and the morphological behaviour of Turing patterns, and suggest future directions for chemical studies into Turing-type morphogenesis. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Recent progress and open frontiers in Turing’s theory of morphogenesis’.