Influencing Factors and Consequences of Maternal-Fetal Attachment among Pregnant Women in East Asia: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Exploring the variables and outcomes of maternal-fetal attachment based on an understanding of cultural background is critical for providing a foundation for developing effective interventions. This scoping review aimed to identify the predictors and consequences of maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women in East Asia. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, covering studies published between March 2005 and March 2025. Results: The scoping review found that the factors that influenced maternal-fetal attachment were divided into five levels based on ecological systems theory. Maternal-fetal attachment was found to have positive outcomes for both mothers and children. Discussion: Nursing professionals should offer culturally and systemically informed support to promote maternal-fetal attachment, including tailored care for high-risk group, education program, and health services.