Decoding the Interactive Effects of Litchi Pectin and EGCG on Immune Microenvironment Remodeling: A Microbiota–Metabolic–Immune Perspective

. Metabolomic profiling showed EGCG activated lipid metabolism and pantothenate-CoA biosynthesis, whereas SCLP enhanced fecal SCFA production, upregulated GPCR43/41 expression, and activated energy-producing pathways including pyruvate metabolism and the TCA cycle. Notably, coadministration did not exhibit synergistic effect on intestinal immune modulation. These findings provide new insight into the distinct and interactive roles of SCLP and EGCG in regulating the gut-immune microenvironment, supporting their application as dietary components for managing immunosuppressive disorders.