Gd‐doped Pt3Co Nanoparticles Embedded in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Derived From Space‐Confined Polymerization of Indene Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Developing suitable carbon supports and efficient Pt-based nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for accelerating the commercialization of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, indene-derived hollow mesoporous carbon spheres are synthesized for the first time using space-confined polymerization and subsequent annealing. The incorporation of Gd-doped Pt₃Co nanoparticles into the hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (Gd-Pt₃Co@HMS) resulted in catalysts with an impressive mass activity (MA) of 1.83 A mg_Pt ^-1 at 0.9 V. The Gd-Pt₃Co@HMS catalyst exhibits excellent durability, as indicated by the minimal change in its E_1/2 after 30,000 cycles. In a hydrogen-oxygen full cell, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with the Gd-Pt₃Co@HMS catalyst achieves a current density of 1.44 A cm^-2 at 0.6 V and a peak power density of 1.4 W cm^-2. This enhancement is attributed to the increased binding strength of the Pt─O bond on Gd-Pt₃Co (111), which results in a notable reduction in ΔE_O. Additionally, the optimization of surface energy due to Gd doping contributes to the outstanding durability of the catalysts during the ORR. This research presents a novel method for developing efficient and stable oxygen reduction catalysts and has significant implications for next-generation fuel cell applications.