Injectable Conductive Hydrogel Patch with Spatiotemporally Tailored Asymmetric Adhesion for Myocardial Infarction Repair

) restores electrical synchrony across MI zones by re-establishing connexin-43-mediated intercellular coupling. Furthermore, the incorporation of reactive oxygen species-responsive thioketal networks enables on-demand suppression of lipid peroxidation and modulates macrophage polarization. In rat MI models, GRAXe restores electromechanical coupling, attenuates ventricular remodeling, and enhances cardiac functional recovery. This modular strategy integrates structural programmability with functional performance, offering a promising direction for minimally invasive cardiac repair.