Solution printable multifunctional polymer-based composites for smart electromagnetic interference shielding with tunable frequency and on–off selectivities

The advances in modern intelligent electronic systems have a pressing need for smart electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities in a frequency-selective manner to choose which electromagnetic waves in a certain range to be blocked. Herein, we present multilayered EMI shielding composites that can provide selective on–off characteristics for specific frequency ranges across a broad spectrum. The composites are composed of outermost dielectric layers and conductive interlayers fabricated via solution printing, wherein hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and silver-coated BN particles are embedded, respectively. The EMI shielding frequency range and on–off selectivity are controllable by varying the configuration of the composite structure in terms of the BN content and the number of composite layers, providing different interstitial spaces between the fillers and interfacial dielectric properties. Furthermore, the optimal combination of these layers permits excellent combinatorial properties of EMI shielding effectiveness (32–62 dB), thermal conductivity (7.61 W/m·K), and electrical insulation (4.03 kV/mm) in the through-plane direction. The developed composites and their synthetic pathways have enormous potential for tailored material design and flexible system integration in next-generation EMI shielding technologies.