CTCF公司
生物
染色质
粘蛋白
德隆
康德星
基因组
遗传学
计算生物学
挤压
细胞生物学
染色体构象捕获
控制重构
转录因子
DNA
基因
泛素
泛素连接酶
增强子
计算机科学
嵌入式系统
冶金
材料科学
作者
Elzo de Wit,Elphège P. Nora
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41576-022-00530-4
摘要
Chromatin folds into dynamic loops that often span hundreds of kilobases and physically wire distant loci together for gene regulation. These loops are continuously created, extended and positioned by structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes, such as condensin and cohesin, and their regulators, including CTCF, in a highly dynamic process known as loop extrusion. Genetic loss of extrusion factors is lethal, complicating their study. Inducible protein degradation technologies enable the depletion of loop extrusion factors within hours, leading to the rapid reconfiguration of chromatin folding. Here, we review how these technologies have changed our understanding of genome organization, upsetting long-held beliefs on its role in transcription. Finally, we examine recent models that attempt to reconcile observations after chronic versus acute perturbations, and discuss future developments in this rapidly developing field of research.
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