Clinical characteristics and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients

•In patients with CAP, solid organ transplant recipients are younger, more commonly male and have more co-morbidities compared with non-transplant recipients. •They also have higher in hospital mortality, 30 day mortality and 1 year mortality after adjustment, with a particularly higher 1 year mortality. •Clinicians must be vigilant toward the pronounced long- term mortality risk among these patients and ensure continued follow-up care for them. Background Pneumonia is a frequent complication of solid organ transplantation that adversely impacts both graft and recipient survival. There is a paucity of data on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in transplant recipients, particularly the long term outcomes. We conducted a study to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pneumonia in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients to those in non-transplant (NT) recipients. Material and Methods Clinical characteristics were abstracted from electronic medical records. Outcomes included time to hospital discharge, short and long-term mortality. Inverse-propensity score weights were assigned to account for between-group differences. Adjusted analysis included a weighted logistic regression. Results were reported as odds ratios with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 7,449 patients were admitted with CAP. Patients were divided into two groups: SOT recipients 42 (0.56%) and NT recipients 7396 (99.2%). SOT recipients were younger, more commonly males, with higher prevalence of comorbidities. After accounting for inverse-propensity score weighting, the odds of mortality were higher in SOT recipients in hospital, at 30 days and at 1 year. The magnitude of increase in mortality for SOT recipients was greatest at 1 year with 1.41 (95% CI: 1.38 – 1.44) times higher odds. Conclusion In patients with CAP, SOT recipients are younger, more commonly male and have more co-morbidities compared with NT recipients. They also have higher 1 year mortality after adjustment. Clinicians must be vigilant toward the pronounced long- term mortality risk among these patients and ensure continued follow-up care for them. Pneumonia is a frequent complication of solid organ transplantation that adversely impacts both graft and recipient survival. There is a paucity of data on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in transplant recipients, particularly the long term outcomes. We conducted a study to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pneumonia in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients to those in non-transplant (NT) recipients. Clinical characteristics were abstracted from electronic medical records. Outcomes included time to hospital discharge, short and long-term mortality. Inverse-propensity score weights were assigned to account for between-group differences. Adjusted analysis included a weighted logistic regression. Results were reported as odds ratios with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 7,449 patients were admitted with CAP. Patients were divided into two groups: SOT recipients 42 (0.56%) and NT recipients 7396 (99.2%). SOT recipients were younger, more commonly males, with higher prevalence of comorbidities. After accounting for inverse-propensity score weighting, the odds of mortality were higher in SOT recipients in hospital, at 30 days and at 1 year. The magnitude of increase in mortality for SOT recipients was greatest at 1 year with 1.41 (95% CI: 1.38 – 1.44) times higher odds. In patients with CAP, SOT recipients are younger, more commonly male and have more co-morbidities compared with NT recipients. They also have higher 1 year mortality after adjustment. Clinicians must be vigilant toward the pronounced long- term mortality risk among these patients and ensure continued follow-up care for them.