Melatonin and calcium phosphate crystal-loaded poly(l-lactic acid) porous microspheres reprogram macrophages to improve bone repair

< 0.05). Using an animal model of femoral condylar defects, we demonstrated that MT PLLA porous microspheres loaded with calcium phosphate crystals can improve the immune microenvironment and form a microsphere-centered osteogenesis model. This significantly accelerates bone defect repair and provides a potential strategy for bone defect treatment.