The effects of diurnal temperature range on mortality and emergency department presentations in Victoria state of Australia: A time-series analysis

State of Victoria, Australia (SVA) has a wide variation of diurnal temperatures (DTR). DTR has been reported to be associated with risk of mortality and morbidity. We examined the association between exposure to DTR and risk of all-cause mortality and emergency department (ED) presentations in the SVA. We obtained data on daily counts of deaths and ED presentations, and weather data from 1 st January 2000─2019. We applied a quasi-Poisson time-series regression analysis to examine the association between daily DTR exposures and risk of mortality and ED presentations. The analyses were queried by age, sex, seasons, ED presentations triages, and departure status. Risk of mortality and ED presentation increased by 0.33% (95% CI: 0.24%-0.43%), and 0.094% (95% CI: 0.077%-0.11%) in relation to one degree increase in the daily DTR. The association between DTR and ED presentations was stronger in children (0-15 years) (0.38% [95% CI: 0.34%-0.42%]) and the elderly (75+ years) (0.34% [95% CI: 0.29%-0.39%]). Resuscitation, which was consistently accounted for the highest vulnerability to DTR variation, increased by 0.79% (95% CI: 0.60%-0.99%). This study suggests that the risk of mortality and ED presentations associates with the increase of DTR. Children, the elderly, and their caregivers need to be made aware of the health risk posed by DTR.