A Simplified Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation of Unsaturated Soils

A simplified analytical method is proposed for one-dimensional unsaturated soil consolidation theory. First, in the one-dimensional compression test of unsaturated soil, the effective stress principle of saturated soil under compression is introduced to replace the constitutive relation expressed by the state of double stress in Fredlund’s theory. Based on this, the governing equations composed of two bi-variable partial differential equations are obtained. In the process of derivation, the dissipation law of pore pressure during the consolidation process is analyzed and the theoretical rationality is demonstrated. When solving the system of equations, considering that the initial excess pore water and the gas pressure are caused by instantaneous loading, Hilf’s theory is improved to calculate the change of pore pressure. This improvement is more in line with the actual situation and simplifies the approximate calculation method to obtain the analytical solution when the coupling effect of water and gas is considered. This method is verified by comparing with Terzaghi’s theory and Fredlund’s theory. It is shown that the solution of Terzaghi’s theory is a special case of this method for saturated soil, and the results of the dissipative process obtained with the method is close to Fredlund’s theory.