A biomineralized bi-functional hybrid nanoflower to effectively combat bacteria via a glucose-powered cascade catalytic reaction

The bacterial resistance due to the abuse of conventional antibiotics is regarded as a major problem for bacterial-induced infections and chronic wound healing. There is an urgent need to explore alternative antimicrobial strategies and functional materials with excellent antibacterial efficacy. Herein, guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and glucose oxidase (GOD) were coordinated with copper ions to obtain a bi-functional hybrid nanoflower (Cu-GMP/GODNF) as a cascade catalyst for promoting antibacterial efficacy. Besides the efficient conversion of glucose to hydrogen peroxide, the produced gluconic acid by loading GOD can supply a compatible catalytic environment to substantially improve the peroxidase activity for generating more toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). So, the glucose-powered cascade catalytic reaction effectively killed bacteria. Moreover, H2O2 self-supplied by glucose can reduce harmful side effects of exogenous H2O2. Meanwhile, the adhesion between the Cu-GMP/GODNF and the bacterial membrane can enhance the antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, the achieved bi-functional hybrid nanoflower exhibited high efficiency and biocompatibility for killing bacteria in diabetes-related infections.