Rational Design of a Necklace-like ZIF-67/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Electrospun Nanofiber Hybrid Membrane for Simultaneous Removal of PM0.3 and SO2

Growing concerns over poor air quality, especially in urban and industrial regions, have led to increased global demands for advanced air-purification technologies. However, the stability and airborne pollutant control abilities of the available air-purification materials under diverse environmental conditions are limited. Thus, the advanced development of filtration materials that can effectively control different types of pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, simultaneously has attracted attention. The zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), a type of porous metal-organic framework (MOF), is a promising material for capturing weakly acidic toxic gases such as SO₂ owing to its excellent adsorption performance and high thermal and chemical stability. In this study, we successfully developed an ultrastable necklace-like multifunctional hybrid membrane via the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-assisted in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-67 crystals on electrospun Co²⁺-doped poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers (70 nm) that can be used in different moisture environments to achieve sustainable air-filtration performance. The hybrid nanocomposite membrane demonstrated excellent performance for the simultaneous control of intractable fine PM_0.3 (filtration efficiency, 99.461%) and SO₂ (adsorption capacity, 1476.5 mg g^-1) under different humidity conditions. This study contributes to the optimal synergistic integration of the advanced metal-organic framework (MOF)-nanofiber nanocomposite membranes and can guide the rational design and conceptualization of a facile and novel membrane for various applications in the environmental science and energy fields.