Peak Shaving and Valley Filling in Distribution Network Using Electric vehicles

The increase of the penetration rate of electric vehicles in the market has some advantages and disadvantages for the distribution network operator. Since electric vehicle charging and peak loads occur almost at the same time, an uncoordinated charge of electric vehicles results in extensive environmental risks on the network and network equipment. On the other hand, the accidental behavior of electric vehicle drivers and the characteristics of the load profile of the grid has turned out as a serious challenge for the integration of electric vehicles in the distribution network. In this paper, a two-stage charge and discharge control method for Electric vehicles is presented for peak shaving and valley filling in the distribution network. Considering the importance of the behavior of Electric vehicle drivers and its impact on charging and discharge patterns, three different scenarios with three different electric car penetration rates have been modeled and simulated for the IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The simulation results show that the proposed linear algorithm improves the load profile of the network and has a better performance in terms of optimal solution and less execution time compared to the nonlinear algorithm.