Simultaneous Analysis of Epoxidized and Hydroperoxidized Triacylglycerols in Canola Oil and Margarine by LC-MS

The progress of lipid oxidation in foods is evaluated by measuring the peroxides and their scission products. However, hydrogen abstraction-independent pathways are not considered by commonly applied methods despite the known reactivity of epoxides toward biomolecules. Herein, a novel liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method was developed to detect hydroperoxidized and epoxidized triacylglycerols (TAGs) without derivatization or hydrolyzation of food samples. Epoxidized TAGs could be detected in refined canola oil at concentrations of 96.8 ± 2.08 μM, while only 5.77 ± 0.04 μM hydroperoxidized TAGs could be determined. In contrast to canola oil, margarine was more resistant to lipid oxidation since generation of epoxidized TAGs could only be marginally enhanced from 21.7 ± 0.48 to 28.8 ± 0.64 μM in margarine after treatment at 180 °C for 60 min, as also reflected by a peroxide value of 0.80 ± 0.00 mequiv O₂/kg, which remained unchanged. The new method allows the assessment of food safety by the simultaneous measurement of hydroperoxidized and epoxidized TAGs without hydrolysis and laborious sample preparation.