Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has become a mature and well-understood technique. It is now possible to acquire, validate, and quantitatively interpret the experimental impedances. This chapter has been addressed to understanding the fundamental processes of diffusion and faradaic reaction at electrodes. However, the most difficult problem in EIS is modeling the electrode processes, which is where most of the problems and errors arise. There is an almost infinite variety of different reactions and interfaces that can be studied (corrosion, coatings, conducting polymers, batteries and fuel cells, semiconductors, electrocatalytic reactions, chemical reactions coupled with faradaic processes, etc.) and the main effort is now being applied to understanding and analyzing these processes. These applications will be the subject of a second review in a forthcoming volume in this series.