Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory Research and Industrial Applications

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is considered a promising technology for green hydrogen production due to its compatibility with intermittent renewable energy sources. While many studies focus on the improvement of components, comprehensive analysis and evaluations of electrolyzer performance, which help in understanding and controlling electrolyzer operations, are still immature. In this Review, we first categorize the operating conditions and key component properties and then summarize how these factors relate to cell performance based on recent research. Particular emphasis is placed on standardized methods for performance evaluation, including improving the accuracy of parameter measurements and identifying critical influential factors. Additionally, based on the operational conditions of existing large-scale industrial electrolyzers, this Review highlights the methods to simulate large-scale electrolyzers in the laboratory and revisits the conclusions drawn from previous studies. This Review provides standardized approaches for reporting and an in-depth understanding of cell performance, which may help bridge the gap between laboratory testing and industrial deployment.