Efficacy, safety, and exploratory biomarker analysis of rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anlotinib in previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Rechallenge with ICIs plus anlotinib demonstrated encouraging efficacy and safety in pretreated advanced NSCLC. Additionally, ORM2 and SERPINA1 were associated with response and survival outcomes in patients treated with the combined ICI + anlotinib regimen and may represent candidate biomarkers of clinical benefit, warranting prospective validation.