The paper deals with batteries for road vehicles. In particular, battery behaviour is analysed focusing on the efficiency in different operations such as charge and discharge. The parameters of a simplified model of the battery are considered to monitor the state of charge and the efficiency of batteries for road vehicles. Data coming from the ATENA research project, by testing batteries on board of vehicles circulating in the city of Naples, are presented. There is a comparison between the results obtained from testing the batteries on the road and the results obtained from experimental tests. Experimental tests have been done on a workbench realized in a laboratory to simulate any working condition for the battery pack. The workbench is illustrated and the results are discussed and evidenced in the final part of the paper.