The human eye is not a perfect optical system,the paper analyzed the optical factors of affecting the human eye vision quality,such as diffraction on small pupil,the aberration of the eye system,the size of the pupil,illumination and optical dispertion.The aberration by the human eye optical structure to affect vision quality are mainly reviewed.For normal human eye,the aberration and diffraction are mainly affecting the human eye vision quality,the diffraction is becoming weaken while the pupil turn larger,and the aberration is mainly factor to human eye vision quality.To different aberration,the important limitation to human eye vision quality is spherical aberration and chromatic aberration.