Recent Progress in the Nanoscale Additive Layer Manufacturing Process Using Two-Photon Polymerization for Fabrication of 3D Polymeric, Ceramic, and Metallic Structures

Recently, many studies have been conducted on the nano-scale fabrication technology using twophoton-absorbed polymerization induced by a femtosecond laser. The nano-stereolithography process has many advantages as a technique for direct fabrication of true three-dimensional shapes in the range over several microns with sub-100 nm resolution, which might be difficult to obtain by using general nano/microscale fabrication technologies. Therefore, two-photon induced nano-stereolithography has been recently recognized as a promising candidate technology to fabricate arbitrary 3D structures with sub-100 nm resolution. Many research works for fabricating novel 3D nano/micro devices using the two-photon nano-stereolithography process, which can be utilized in the NT/BT/IT fields, are rapidly advancing.