Objective:To observe the effect of ulinastatin on the expression of Interleukin 15(IL-15),interleukin 6 (IL-6) on cultured rat Peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) under Lipopolysaccharide conditions.Methods:RPMC were isolated from rat colic omentum and the thirdly cultured PMC were used in the experiment.cultured HPMCs were divided into normal control group,Lipopolysaccharide group(1、10、100 mg/L),10 mg/L Lipopolysaccharide group and Lipopolysaccharide plus ulinastatin (160、320、640 U/ml).IL-15 mRNA was detected by Real-time RT-PCR.IL-15,interleukin 6 (IL-6)was detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the control group,the expression of IL-15,IL-6 was significantly increased in the groups stimulated by LPS(P0.05).ulinastatin could significantly decrease Lipopolysaccharide induced IL-15,IL-6 expression in a dose-dependent manner both in protein and gene levels(P0.05).Conclusion:LPS can up-regulate the expression of IL-15,IL-6 in rat peritoneal mesothelial cell.ulinastatin can reverse these changes and it may have significance in the prevention and treating of peritonitis.