Root exudates,the important carrier of substance,energy and information exchange of plant with environment,have closely interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms.The effects of root exudates on the population,quantity,distribution and growth of rhizospheric microorganism,and the effects and mechanism of rhizosphere microorganisms on root exudates are summarized.Root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms are the important component of rhizosphere micro-ecology.The innovation of microorganism non-culture technique will be helpful to reveal the rhizosphere miro-ecological law,and discover and develop the functional microorganisms in rhizosphere.