A 3D screening approach identifies the compound epitajixanthone hydrate as a new inhibitor of cancer cell growth and invasion

With unique advantages, the small-molecule anticancer drugs have recently gained growing attention. Particular strategies, exemplified by high-throughput screening, fragment-based drug discovery, virtual screening and knowledge-based design, have been developed to identify active compounds. However, such screens generally rely on sophisticated and expensive instrumentations. Herein, we developed a simple spheroids 3D culture system to enable direct screening of small molecules with reliable results. Using this system, we screened 27 fungal natural products and three fungal crude extracts for their inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth, and invasion. We identified that the compound M23 (epitajixanthone hydrate, a derivative of prenylxanthone) and the crude extracts (MPT-191) from the fungi Taxus chinensis showed potential anticancer activity. The effect of epitajixanthone hydrate on cancer cell growth and invasion were further confirmed by the assays of cells viability, trans-well migration and invasion, colony formation and cells reattachment. Overall, Epitajixanthone hydrate was identified as an effective inhibitor of cancer cell growth and invasion by our simple and fast screening platform.