RuP nanoparticles on ordered macroporous hollow nitrogen-doped carbon spheres for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

The design of highly active, Earth-abundant and stable electrocatalysts is important for efficient water splitting. In this work, we report the fabrication of RuP and Ru₂P nanoparticles supported on ordered macroporous N-doped carbon hollow spheres (RuP/H-NC and Ru₂P/H-NC) through a facile and scalable space-confined pyrolysis process. The RuP/H-NC catalyst exhibits Pt-like activity in alkaline electrolyte, by means of the macroporous structure with a larger specific area and more exposed active sites, as well as the synergistic effect between the RuP nanoparticles and N-doped carbon. Specifically, the RuP/H-NC catalyst yields superior hydrogen evolution reaction activity in terms of low overpotential of 19 mV in 1 M KOH to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 and excellent durability, outperforming Ru₂P/H-NC and most of the reported non-Pt catalysts. Further density function theory calculation reveals that RuP is more intrinsically active with favorable hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy than that of Ru₂P.