Recent advances of antibody drug conjugates for clinical applications

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) normally compose of a humanized antibody and small molecular drug via a chemical linker. After decades of preclinical and clinical studies, a series of ADCs have been widely used for treating specific tumor types in the clinic such as brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®) for relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) for acute myeloid leukemia, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®) for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa®) and most recently polatuzumab vedotin-piiq (Polivy®) for B cell malignancies. More than eighty ADCs have been investigated in different clinical stages from approximately six hundred clinical trials to date. This review summarizes the key elements of ADCs and highlights recent advances of ADCs, as well as important lessons learned from clinical data, and future directions.