Wafer‐Scale 2D Hafnium Diselenide Based Memristor Crossbar Array for Energy‐Efficient Neural Network Hardware

Abstract Memristor crossbar with programmable conductance could overcome the energy consumption and speed limitations of neural networks when executing core computing tasks in image processing. However, the implementation of crossbar array (CBA) based on ultrathin 2D materials is hindered by challenges associated with large‐scale material synthesis and device integration. Here, a memristor CBA is demonstrated using wafer‐scale (2‐inch) polycrystalline hafnium diselenide (HfSe 2 ) grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and a metal‐assisted van der Waals transfer technique. The memristor exhibits small switching voltage (0.6 V), low switching energy (0.82 pJ), and simultaneously achieves emulation of synaptic weight plasticity. Furthermore, the CBA enables artificial neural network with a high recognition accuracy of 93.34%. Hardware multiply‐and‐accumulate (MAC) operation with a narrow error distribution of 0.29% is also demonstrated, and a high power efficiency of greater than 8‐trillion operations per second per Watt is achieved. Based on the MAC results, hardware convolution image processing can be performed using programmable kernels (i.e., soft, horizontal, and vertical edge enhancement), which constitutes a vital function for neural network hardware.