Dynamic template-driven formation of NiS/CdS nanoparticles via metal organic frameworks for efficient hydrogen evolution

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with different organic ligands are used as precursors for the formation of photocatalysts and their effects on photocatalytic performance are investigated. NiS/CdS composites are synthesized through a facile one-step vulcanization process from Ni-MOF and cadmium salt precursors. Photocatalytic activity of the Ni-MOF-derived NiS/CdS composite is improved significantly comparing with those of CdS, Ni-MOF/CdS and normal NiS/CdS catalysts for hydrogen production from water. The NiS/CdS composite derived from Ni-MOF using terephthalic acid as ligand shows the higher activity than the cases with other ligands. The organic ligand type and electronegativity of Ni-MOF provide uniquely spatial configuration and dynamic action sites for Cd precursor and CdS. The intermediate state between Ni-MOF and CdS helps to tune the formation of NiS/CdS composite and their optical properties including conduction band position. This dynamic template-driven method provides a new way for other photocatalysts with uniform nanoparticles and distinctive heterostructures favoring the enhancement of photocatalytic activity.