eIF3a sustains non-small cell lung cancer stem cell-like properties by promoting YY1-mediated transcriptional activation of β-catenin

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading cause of recurrence and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) participates in many tumor development processes, such as metastasis, therapy resistance, and glycolysis, all of which are closely associated with the presence of CSCs. However, whether eIF3a maintains NSCLC-CSC-like properties remains to be elucidated. In this study, eIF3a was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and was linked to poor prognosis. eIF3a was also highly expressed in CSC-enriched spheres compared with adherent monolayer cells. Moreover, eIF3a is required for NSCLC stem cell-like traits maintenance in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, eIF3a activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoting the transcription of cancer stem cell markers. Specifically, eIF3a promotes the transcriptional activation of β-catenin and mediates its nuclear accumulation to form a complex with T cell factor 4 (TCF4). However, eIF3a has no significant effect on protein stability and translation. Proteomics analysis revealed that the candidate transcription factor, Yin Yang 1 (YY1), mediates the activated effect of eIF3a on β-catenin. Overall, the findings of this study implied that eIF3a contributes to the maintenance of NSCLC stem cell-like characteristics through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. eIF3a is a potential target for the treatment and prognosis of NSCLC.