Transformation in the vernacular landscape of the Chatan weir irrigation area, China

Abstract One of the most fascinating aspects of irrigation is the close connection between settlement networks and agricultural activities, with water infrastructure serving as the conduit. In particular, irrigation engineering serves as a testament to the evolution and development of local vernacular landscapes, exerting a profound influence on their formation. However, the contribution of irrigation to the development of the vernacular landscape and its internal interactions are poorly understood. This study aims to highlight the relationship between historical hydraulic systems and local landscapes, with a focus on the Chatan Weir Water Conservancy Project, an ancient irrigation engineering system in China. On the basis of archival records, historical materials and observations, this study constructed an analytical framework to analyse how the local landscape changed from 943 to the present. Specifically, this study delved into the evolution of water conservancy, farmland, settlement landscapes and their interactions in the Chatan weir irrigation area. The findings revealed that the local landscape of the Chatan weir irrigation area consists of a collection of landscapes created by residents through a bottom‐up approach. Furthermore, the water conservancy system has provided a stable water supply for both agricultural production and residential livelihoods, which has also shaped the spatial patterns of farmland and settlement landscapes. Finally, clan relations and rural management have played a vital role in the sustainability of the analysed irrigation system. The results of this study can provide insights into the sustainable coexistence of political and local landscapes.