Advances in Triboelectric Sensor in Extremely Harsh Environments

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as an emerging energy conversion technology, inevitably encounter various extreme environmental application scenarios, such as high temperatures, corrosion, and deep-sea environments, which may damage the device structure or reduce the surface potential, thereby causing a decline in the output performance of TENGs. Therefore, significant efforts are dedicated to improving the performance of TENGs, enabling sensors to maintain their original performance under extremely harsh environmental conditions. This article reviews and focuses on the latest research progress of triboelectric sensors with high environmental adaptability in extreme environments such as high humidity, high temperature, high salt, corrosion, and deep-sea environments, aiming to gain insights from the selection of functional materials, advanced structural design, fabrication processes, application scenarios, and integration strategies. Finally, it looks forward to the challenges faced by triboelectric sensors in extremely harsh environmental conditions and proposes solutions as well as future research directions. It is hoped that this review provides a systematic reference for the technological breakthroughs of triboelectric sensors in extremely harsh environments, promoting their transition from laboratory research to practical applications, providing feasible paths for technological upgrades in key industrial fields, and accelerating the industrialization process of this technology.